What Were the Dates of Clothesline Art Festival 1968

As long as we humans have been able to employ our hands, we have been creating art. From early cavern paintings to the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, homo artistic expression tin tell u.s. a lot about the lives of the people who create it. To fully appreciate the cultural, social, and historical significance of different artworks, you demand to be enlightened of the broad art history timeline. This commodity presents an overview of many meaning eras of art creation and the historical contexts out of which they have risen.

Tabular array of Contents

• 1 Art Eras: Where to Begin?
• ii A Brief Overview of the Fine art Periods Timeline
• 3 A Comprehensive Art Movement Timeline
  • three.1 The Romanesque Menstruum (grand-1300): Sharing Data Through Art
  • 3.ii The Gothic Era (1100-1500): Liberty and Fear Come Together
  • three.3 The Renaissance Era (1420-1520): The Reawakening of an Art Era That Never Really Existed
  • 3.4 Mannerism (1520-1600): A Window into the Future of Kitsch
  • three.5 The Bizarre Era (1590-1760): The Glorification of Ability and the Charade of the Center
  • three.6 The Rococo Art Period (1725-1780): Light and Blusterous, a French Fancy
  • three.7 Classicism (1770-1840): Throwing It Back to Classic Times
  • 3.8 Romanticism (1790-1850): A Break from the Severity of it All
  • 3.ix Realism (1850-1925): Objectivity over Subjectivity
  • 3.x Impressionism (1850-1895): Heralding the Era of Modern Art
  • 3.11 Symbolism (1890-1920): There is Always More Meets the Eye
  • 3.12 Art Nouveau (1890-1910): The Pure Gold of Gustav Klimt
  • 3.thirteen Expressionism (1890-1914): Bringing a Political Edge to the Fence
  • 3.xiv Cubism (1906-1914): Breaking Things Apart and Putting Them Back Together Again
  • 3.15 Futurism (1909-1945): Creative Anarchism
  • 3.16 Dadaism (1912-1920): The Truthful Reality That Life is Nonsense
  • three.17 Surrealism (1920-1930): Things Only Get More Bizzare
  • three.xviii The New Objectivity (1925-1965): Cold and Technical
  • 3.19 Abstract Expressionism (1948-1962): Stepping Away from Europe
  • 3.20 Pop-Art (1955-1969): Art is Everything
  • 3.21 Neo-Expressionism (1980-1989): Modern Art

Art Eras: Where to Begin?

Equally long as humankind has been conscious of itself, information technology has been creating art to stand for this self. The primeval cavern paintings that nosotros are aware of were created roughly 40,000 years agone. We have found paintings and drawings of man activeness from the Paleolithic Era nether rocks and in caves. Nosotros cannot truly know the reason why these early humans began to produce art. Possibly painting and cartoon were a way to record their lived experiences, to tell stories to immature children, or to laissez passer down wisdom from ane generation to the next.

These prehistoric rock paintings are in Manda Guéli Cavern in the Ennedi Mountains, Chad, Central Africa. Camels take been painted over before images of cattle, perhaps reflecting climatic changes;David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY ii.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Although nosotros have these exquisite examples of early creative expression, the official history of fine art periods only begins with the Romanesque Era. Official fine art era timelines do not include cavern paintings, sculptures, and other works of fine art from the stone age or the beautiful frescos produced in Egypt and Crete in around 2000 BC. The reason backside this decision is that these early on eras of artistic expression were bound to a relatively small geographical infinite. The official art eras that we will be discussing today, in dissimilarity, span across many countries, often all of Europe and sometimes Northward and South America.

Despite their lack of official recognition, these earliest examples of human artistic flair raise a lot of interesting questions. Why is it that the animals depicted in cave paintings are so much more realistic and vivid than the animals represented in later on eras?

This article hopes to give y'all some insight into the e'er-changing artistic style of the human creative mind every bit we explore the complexities of the different art periods.

A Brief Overview of the Art Periods Timeline

Every bit with many areas of human history, information technology is impossible to delineate the dissimilar art periods with precision. The dates presented in the brackets beneath are approximations based on the progression of each movement across several countries. Many of the fine art periods overlap considerably, with some of the more recent eras occurring at the same time. Some eras final for a few thousand years while others bridge less than ten. Art is a continuous procedure of exploration, where more recent periods abound out of existing ones.

Art Period	Years
Romanesque	100 – 1150
Gothic	1140 – 1600
Renaissance	1495 – 1527
Mannerism	1520 – 1600
Bizarre	1600 – 1725
Rococo	1720 – 1760
Neoclassicism	1770 – 1840
Romanticism	1800 – 1850
Realism	1840 – 1870
Pre-Raphaelite	1848 – 1854
Impressionism	1870 – 1900
Naturalism	1880 – 1900
Post-Impressionism	1880 – 1920
Symbolism	1880 – 1910
Expressionism	1890 – 1939
Art Noveau	1895 – 1915
Cubism	1905 – 1939
Futurism	1909 – 1918
Dadaism	1912 – 1923
New Objectivity	1918 – 1933
Precisionism	1920 – 1950
Art Deco	1920 – 1935
Bauhaus	1920 – 1925
Surrealism	1924 – 1945
Abstract Expressionism	1945 – 1960
Pop-Art / Op Art	1956 – 1969
Arte Povera	1960 – 1969
Minimalism	1960 – 1975
Photorealism	1968 – at present
Lowbrow Popular Surrealism	1970 – now
Contemporary Art	1978 – now

It may seem foreign for our account of the art menses timeline to stop 30 years ago. The concept of an art era seems inadequate to capture the variety of artistic styles that accept grown since the turn of the 21st Century. There is a feeling among some art historians that the traditional concept of painting has died in our era of fast-track living. We practise not accept this stance. Instead, nosotros proceed to share our unique human experiences through the medium of fine art, just as the cave people did, outside of our modern organisation of classification.

Biergarten (c. 1915) by Max Liebermann;Max Liebermann, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A Comprehensive Art Movement Timeline

It is time to dive a little deeper into the social, cultural, and historical contexts of each of the distinct fine art eras we presented above. You will run into how many eras take influence from those before them. Art, like human consciousness, is continuously evolving. It is besides important to note that this art timeline is a history of Western and predominantly European fine art.

The Romanesque Catamenia (g-1300): Sharing Data Through Art

Art historians typically consider the Romanesque fine art era to exist the start of the art history timeline. Romanesque art developed during the rise of Christianity ca. m Ad. During this time, only a small-scale percentage of the European population were literate. The ministers of the Christian church building were typically role of this minority, and to spread the message of the bible, they needed an alternative method.

Christian objects, stories, deities, saints, and ceremonies were the exclusive subject of most Romanesque paintings. Intended to teach the masses near the values and beliefs of the Christian Church, Romanesque paintings had to be simple and piece of cake to read.

As a result, Romanesque works of art are unproblematic, with assuming contours and clean areas of color. Romanesque paintings lack any depth of perspective, and the imagery is rarely of natural scenes. There were several different forms that Romanesque paintings could have, including wall paintings, mosaics, panel paintings, and volume paintings.

Due to the Christian purpose behind Romanesque paintings, they are almost always symbolic. The relative importance of the figures within the paintings is shown past the size, with the more important figures appearing much larger. You can encounter that man faces are oft distorted, and the stories depicted in these paintings tend to accept a high emotional value. Romanesque paintings often include mythological creatures like dragons and angels, and about always announced in churches.

At the almost fundamental level, paintings of the Romanesque flow serve the purpose of spreading the word of the bible and Christianity. The proper noun of this art era stems from round arches used in Roman architecture, often found in churches of the time.

Altar frontal from Avià, c. 1200; Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The Gothic Era (1100-1500): Freedom and Fear Come Together

One of the most famous eras, Gothic art grew out of the Romanesque period in France and is an expression of two contrasting feelings of the age. On the one mitt, people were experiencing and celebrating a new level of freedom of thought and religious understanding. On the other, at that place was a fearfulness that the world was coming to an end. Yous tin clearly see the expression of these two contrasting tensions within the art of the Gothic period.

Just as in the Romanesque period, Christianity lay at the heart of the tensions of the Gothic era. Equally more freedom of idea emerged, and many pushed against conformity, the subjects of paintings became more various. The stronghold of the church began to misemploy.

Gothic paintings portrayed scenes of existent human life, such as working in the fields and hunting. The focus moved away from divine beings and mystical creatures equally more focus was given to the intricacies of what it meant to be human.

Human figures received a lot more attending during the Gothic menstruation. Gothic artists fleshed out more realistic human faces every bit they became more individual, less ii-dimensional, and less inanimate. The development of a three-dimensional perspective is idea to accept facilitated this alter. Painters likewise paid more attention to things of personal value similar clothing, which they painted realistically with cute folds.

The Raising of Lazarus(1310-1311) by Duccio di Buoninsegna;Duccio di Buoninsegna, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Many historians believe that role of the reason why the subjects of art became more diverse during the Gothic era was due to the increased surface area for painting within churches. Gothic churches were more expansive than those of the Romanesque menstruation, which is thought to represent the increased feelings of freedom at this time.

Alongside the newfound freedom of artistic expression, in that location was a deep fear that the end of the world was coming. It is suggested that this was accompanied by a gradual decline in faith in the church, and this in turn may have spurred the expansion of art outside of the church. In fact, towards the end of the Gothic era, works by Hieronymus von Bosch, Breughel, and others were unsuitable for placement within a church.

Nosotros do not know many individual artists who painted in the Romanesque flow, as fine art was not about who painted it but rather the message information technology carried. Thus, the movement abroad from the church building can besides be seen in the enormous increase in known artists from the Gothic catamenia, including Giotto di Bondone. Schools of fine art began to emerge throughout France, Italia, Germany, the Netherlands, and other parts of Europe.

The Renaissance Era (1420-1520): The Reawakening of an Art Era That Never Really Existed

The Renaissance era is mayhap one of the virtually well-known, featuring artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. This era continued to focus on the individual human being as its inspiration and took influence from the art and philosophy of the aboriginal Romans and Greeks. The Renaissance can exist seen every bit a cultural rebirth.

A part of this cultural rebirth was the returned focus on the natural and realistic world in which humans lived. The three-dimensional perspective became even more important to the fine art of the Renaissance, every bit is aptly demonstrated by Michelangelo'south statue ofDavid.This statue harkened dorsum to the works of the aboriginal Greeks as information technology was consciously created to be seen from all angles. Statues of the final two eras had been two-dimensional, intended to be viewed simply from the forepart.

Michelangelo's David (1501-1504); Livioandronico2013, CC BY-SA four.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The same 3-dimensional perspective carried over into the paintings of the Renaissance era. Frescos that were invented effectually 3000 years prior were given new life past Renaissance painters. Scenes became more complex, and the representation of humans became much more nuanced. Renaissance artists painted human bodies and faces in iii dimensions with a strong emphasis on realism. The paint used during the Renaissance menstruum also represented a shift from tempera paints to oil paints. The Renaissance period is often credited every bit the very showtime of swell Dutch mural paintings.

Mannerism (1520-1600): A Window into the Futurity of Kitsch

Of course, this heading is partly in jest. Not all of the art produced in this era is what we would understand today as "kitsch". What we understand kitsch to hateful today is often artificial, cheaply fabricated, and without much 'archetype' taste. Instead, the reason we describe the art of this period as being kitsch is due to the relative over-exaggeration that characterized it. Stemming from the newfound freedom of man expression in the Renaissance period, artists began to explore their ain unique and individual artistic style, or style.

Michelangelo himself, in fact, is not free from the exaggeration that distinguishes this era. Some fine art historians exercise not consider some of his afterwards paintings to be works of the Renaissance period. The expression of feelings and human gestures, even items of clothing, is exaggerated deliberately in mannerist paintings.

The small S-curve of the human body that characterizes the Renaissance style is transformed into an unnatural bending of the trunk. This is the kickoff European style that attracted artists from across Europe to its birthplace in Italy.

Madonna with Long Neck (1534-1540) by Parmigianino;Parmigianino, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The Bizarre Era (1590-1760): The Glorification of Power and the Deception of the Centre

The progression of art celebrating the lives of humans over the power of the divine continued into the Bizarre era. Kings, princes, and even popes began to prefer to come across their ain power and prestige historic through art than that of God. The over-exaggeration that classified Mannerism too continued into the Baroque period, with the scenes of paintings condign increasingly unrealistic and magnificent.

Baroque paintings often showed scenes where Kings would be ascending into the heavens, mingling with the angels, and reaching always closer to the divinity and ability of God. Hither, we really can see the progression of human being cocky-importance, and although the subject matter does non motility away entirely from religious symbolism, human being is increasingly the central ability within the compositions.

New materials that glorify wealth and status like gilt and marble become the prized materials for sculptures. Opposites of calorie-free and night, warm and common cold colors, and symbols of good and evil are emphasized beyond what is naturally occurring. Art academies increased in their numbers, every bit fine art became a mode to brandish your wealth, ability, and status.

Bizarre ceiling frescoes of Cathedral in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Work of Italian principal Giulio Quaglio in 1703–1706 and afterwards 1721–1723;Petar Milošević, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Eatables

The Rococo Art Menstruation (1725-1780): Light and Blusterous, a French Fancy

The paintings from the Rococo era are typical of the French elite of the time. The name stems from the French word rocaille which means "shellwork". The solid forms which characterized the Baroque menses softened into low-cal, air, and want. Paintings of this era were no longer potent and powerful, simply lite and playful.

The colors were lighter and brighter, virtually transparent in some instances. Many pieces of art from this menstruation neglected religious themes, although some artists like Tiepolo did create frescos in many churches.

Much like the mental attitude of the French aristocracy of the time, the art of the Rococo menstruum is totally removed from the social reality. The shepherd's idyll became the theme of this period, representing life as lite and carefree, without the constraints of economic or social hardship.

Classicism (1770-1840): Throwing It Back to Archetype Times

Classicism, similar the Rococo era, began in France in around 1770. In contrast to the Rococo era, however, Classism reverted to earlier, more serious styles of creative expression. Much like the Renaissance period, Classisim took inspiration from archetype Roman and Greek fine art.

The art created in the Classicism era reverted to strict forms, ii-dimensional colors, and homo figures. The tone of these paintings was undoubtedly strict. Colors lost their symbolism. The art produced in this era was used internationally to instill feelings of patriotism in the people of each nation. Parts of Classicism include Louis-Sieze, Empire, and Biedermeier.

A Childhood Idyll (1900) by William Bouguereau;William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Romanticism (1790-1850): A Suspension from the Severity of it All

You can see from the dates that this art era occurred at around the aforementioned time as Classicism. Romanticism is often seen as an emotionally charged reaction to the stern nature of Classicism. In contrast to the strict and realistic nature of the Classicism era, the paintings of the Romantic era were much more sentimental.

The exploration of the intangible; emotions and the subconscious, took eye-stage. Effectually this time, people began to go hiking in an endeavour to explore the natural world. It was not, however, the true reality of the natural world which they intended to discover, but the mode it made them feel.

In that location is no tangible or precisely determinable style to the art of the Romanticism period. English language and French painters tended to focus on the effects of shadows and lights, while the art produced past German painters tended to accept more gravity of idea to them. The Romantic painters were often criticized and even mocked for their estimation of the world around them.

Realism (1850-1925): Objectivity over Subjectivity

As the Romanticism era was a reactionary movement to the Classicism period before it, so is Realism a reaction to Romanticism. In dissimilarity to the cute and deeply emotional content of Romantic paintings, Realist artists presented both the adept and cute, the ugly and evil. The reality of the world is presented in an unembellished way past Realism painters.

These artists attempt to show the earth, people, nature, and animals, as they truly are. At that place is a focus on the "obligation of art into truth" equally Gustave Courbet puts it.

Just as with Romanticism, Realism was not popular with anybody. The paintings are not particularly pleasing to the eye and some critics have commented that despite the artist'due south claims of realism, erotic scenes somehow miss the real eroticism. Goethe criticizes Realism, saying that art should exist ideal, not realistic. Schiller also calls Realism "mean," indicating the harshness that many of the paintings portray.

Proudhon and His Children(1865) past Gustave Courbet; Gustave Courbet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Impressionism (1850-1895): Heralding the Era of Modern Art

Historians ofttimes paint the Impressionist motion as the start of the modernistic age. Impressionist art is said to take airtight the book on classical music and other classical forms of art. Impressionism is also perhaps, after Cubism, one of the most easily recognizable art periods. Featuring artists like Claude Monet and Vincent van Gough, Impressionism broke abroad from the polish castor strokes and areas of solid colour that characterized many art periods before information technology.

Initially, the discussion Impressionism was similar a swear discussion in the art globe, with critics believing that these artists did not paint with technique, simply rather simply smeared paint onto a sheet. The brushstrokes indeed were a meaning departure from those that came before them, sometimes becoming furiously wild. Distinct shapes and lines disappeared into a whirlwind of colors. Individual dots of completely new colors were put together, particularly in the pointillism variety of Impressionist paintings. The subjects of Impressionist paintings could oft only exist recognized from a altitude.

View of Vetheuil sur Seine(1880) by Claude Monet;Claude Monet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A significant change that occurred during the Impressionist era was that painting began to take place "en-plein-air," or exterior. Much of the Impressionist creative person's ability to capture the complex and always-changing colors of the natural world were a result of this shift.

Impressionist artists also began to move away from the desire to lecture and teach, preferring to create fine art for fine art'southward sake. Galleries and international exhibitions became increasingly important.

Symbolism (1890-1920): There is E'er More Than Meets the Eye

During this menstruum, the era of Symbolism began to take hold in French republic. Artists became preoccupied with the representation of feelings and thoughts through objects. The favorite themes of the Symbolism movement were death, sickness, sin, and passion. The forms were mostly clear, a fact which art historians believe was anticipating the Art Nouveau era.

Art Nouveau (1890-1910): The Pure Aureate of Gustav Klimt

Although Gustav Klimt was by no ways the most important artist in the Fine art Nouveau movement, he is 1 of the most well-known. His style perfectly encapsulates the Fine art Nouveau movement with soft, curved lines, lots of florals, and the stylistic characterization of human figures. In many countries, this style is known equally the Secession manner.

The Kiss (1907-1908) past Gustav Klimt;Gustav Klimt, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The art produced in the Fine art Nouveau period includes a lot of symmetry and is characterized past playfulness and youthfulness. Art Nouveau has a lot of political content, although many critics ignore this and hold the decorative aspects against information technology. Through the fine art of the Art Nouveau period, artists attempted to bring nature back into industrial cities.

Expressionism (1890-1914): Bringing a Political Border to the Debate

In the Expressionism art era, we once more see a resurgence of the importance of the expression of subjective feelings. The artists within this movement were not interested in naturalism or what things wait like on the outside. As a issue, there is a certain tinge of aggression in some Expressionist paintings, which are often archaic and slightly wild.

Expressionism originated in Germany and is intended to contrast Impressionism. Towards the beginning of the Showtime World War, Expressionist paintings had a disturbing intensity about them. Intended to criticize power and the standing social social club, Expressionism spread these political ideas through the medium of paint. Fine art was showtime to go political.

Cubism (1906-1914): Breaking Things Apart and Putting Them Back Together Once more

Starting time with two artists, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, the Cubist movement was all about fragmentation, geometric shapes, and multiple perspectives. The dimensional planes of everyday objects were cleaved downward into dissimilar geometric segments and put back together in a way that presented the object from multiple sides simultaneously.

Cubism was a rejection of all the rules of traditional western painting and has had a strong influence on the styles of art that have followed it.

Guitar and Glasses (1912) past Juan Gris;Juan Gris, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Futurism (1909-1945): Artistic Anarchism

Futurism is less of an creative manner and more of an artistically inspired political movement. Founded by Tommaso Marinetti'sFuturist Manifesto, which rejected social organization and Christian morality, the Futurist era was total of chaos, hostility, aggression, and anger. Although Marinetti was non a painter himself, painting became the near prominent form of art within the Futurist movement.

These artists vehemently rejected the rules of Classical painting, believing that everything that was passed through generations (beliefs, traditions, organized religion) was suspicious and dangerous. The militant nature of the Futurist movement has resulted in many people believing that information technology was too close to fascism.

Dadaism (1912-1920): The Truthful Reality That Life is Nonsense

Dada means a great many things and nothing at all. The writer Hugo Ball discovered that this minor word has several different meanings in dissimilar languages and at the same fourth dimension, equally a word, information technology meant nothing at all. The Dadaism movement is based on the concepts of illogic and provocation and was seen as not only an fine art motion, but an anti-war movement.

The illogic of existing rules, norms, traditions, and values was called into question by the Dadaist motion. The art movement encompassed several art forms including writing, verse, dance, and performance fine art. Office of the motion was to call into question what could be classified as "art".

Dadaism represents the beginnings of action fine art in which painting becomes more than just a portrait of reality, but rather an amalgamation of the social, cultural, and subjective parts of beingness human.

Surrealism (1920-1930): Things Simply Become More Bizzare

As if the pure illogic nature of the Dadaism motion was not outlandish plenty, the Surrealists took the dream world to be the fountain of all truth. One of the most famous Surrealist artists is Salvador Dali, and you are bound to know his painting Melting Watch (1954).

Surrealism is fundamentally psychoanalytical, and many Surrealist artists would pigment directly from their dreams. Sometimes dealing with uncomfortable concepts, hidden desires, and taboos, Surrealism was a direct critique of the ingrained ideas and behavior of the bourgeoise. As yous tin can imagine, this style of art was not pop when it began, but it has greatly influenced the world of modern art.

Infinite and time (in homage to L.V. Beethoven) (1974) by Italian painter William Girometti;William Girometti, CC BY-SA iii.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The New Objectivity (1925-1965): Cold and Technical

As the surrealists were attempting to move abroad from the earth of concrete, concrete, and visible objects, the New Objectivity movement turned towards these ideas. Many of the themes inside New Objective art were social critiques. The turbulence of the state of war left many people searching for some kind of gild to hold onto, and this can be seen clearly in the art of New Objectivity.

The images represented in New Objectivity were often cold, unemotional, and technical, with some favorite subjects being the radio and lightbulbs. As is the case with many modern movements in art, there were several different wings to the New Objectivity motion.

Abstruse Expressionism (1948-1962): Stepping Away from Europe

Abstract Expressionism is said to be the beginning fine art motion to originate exterior of Europe. Emerging from N America, Abstract Expressionism focused on color-field painting and action paintings. Rather than using a canvas and a brush, buckets of paint would be poured on the ground, and artists used their fingers to create images.

With well-known artists similar Marc Tobey and Jackson Pollock, this fine art movement was distinct from any that came before it. The application of the paint was sometimes and so thick that the finished piece would take on a class unlike any painting before information technology. Abstract Expressionism spread throughout Europe. As with all art, there are ever critics, with bourgeois Americans during the cold war calling it "united nations-American."

Pop-Fine art (1955-1969): Art is Everything

For the artists of Pop-Fine art, everything in the earth was art. From advertisements, tin cans, toothpaste, and toilets,everythingis art. Pop-Art developed simultaneously in the Usa and England and is characterized past uniform blocks of colour and clear lines and contours. Painting and graphic art became influenced by photorealism and serial prints. Ane of the nearly famous English Popular artists is David Hockney, although merely a few of his lifetime paintings were in this movement.

A item of Roy Lichtenstein'south Wall Explosion II, 1965; Colin McLaughlin, CC Past-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Neo-Expressionism (1980-1989): Modernistic Art

Starting in the 1980s, Neo-Expressionism emerged with large-format representational and life-affirming paintings. Berlin was a central point for this new movement, and the designs typically featured cities and big-metropolis life. The name Neo-Expressionism emerged from Fauvism, and although the artists in Berlin disbanded in 1989, some artists continued to paint in this way in New York.

Art is a fundamental role of what information technology means to be human. Many of the troubles and joys we feel tin just exist captured accurately through artistic expression. We promise that this short summary of the art periods timeline has helped you gain some more insight into the contexts surrounding some of the most famous works of art created by the human race.

We've also created a web story about art periods.

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Source: https://artincontext.org/art-periods/

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